![]() Notably, we found age-related decline in both ER and ToM, despite older adults having higher motivation than young adults. Further correlation analyses focusing on individual differences in motivation did not reveal any association with performance, in either young or older adults. Results showed that the self-involvement manipulation did not increase self-reported motivation, SBP-R, or task performance. Motivation was measured with both subjective (self-report questionnaire) and objective (systolic blood pressure reactivity-SBP-R) indices. In the first condition, self-involvement was raised by telling participants were told that good task performance was associated with a number of positive, personally relevant social outcomes. Sixty-one older adults and 57 young adults were randomly assigned to either a High or Low self-involvement condition. We examined performance on ER and ToM tasks, as well as corresponding control tasks, experimentally manipulating self-involvement. Recently, some authors have suggested that age-related impairments in social-cognitive abilities-emotion recognition (ER) and theory of mind (ToM)-may be explained in terms of reduced motivation and effort mobilization in older adults.
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